White Privilege by Peggy Macintos an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

White Privilege by Peggy Macintos The essay written by Peggy Macintosh compared and interrelate the concept of racism to the issue of equality betwheen man and woman. In her essay, Macintosh mentioned that men seem to be in denial about the privileges that they enjoyed that womens dont. They tend to disagree with the notion that they are over privileged (in many aspects) than women, although they are aware of the disadvantage that women faced. Macintosh mentioned that this kind of mentality is also applicable with the issue of racism between the whites and people with color. More privilege is being granted to whites and they seem not to be aware of these privileges. Although the state had already provided some legislations abandoning the inequalities among races, still the fact remains that racism could not be completely eliminated. These privileges, which the whites seem not to acknowledge, are being reflected on the norms present in the society. Some of these so called unacknowledged privileges were stated on Macin tosh essay. Whether on the work place, learning area or recreation places, the whites experienced these privileges while their counterparts are always in an uncomfortable situation because of the fear of being interrogated, embarrassed or harassed. Need essay sample on "White Privilege by Peggy Macintos" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Our Customers Frequently Tell EssayLab writers: Who wants to write paper for me? Professional writers recommend: There Is Nothing Impossible For Essaylab Paper Writer Buy Papers Online Writers For Hire Best Essay Writing Service Good Essay Writing Company The issue on racism and equality among races is still an in demand problem that needs to be addressed. The mere presence of legislations against racism is not an answer to solve this problem. The points of Macintosh in her work are true regarding the myth of meritocracy between the whites and non whites. It is also true that some of the actions done by the whites reflect some sort of racist attitude that typically affects their counterparts. White Americans dominates most of the top position in a job and are overrepresented in magazines and in television programs. Truly, this scenario for the white individuals is of no significance at all because they are, in no doubt, one of them. This overrepresentation and oblivious act of whites in many fields is the main issue that Macintosh is dealing with. Unknowingly, the white individuals fail to recognize that they have been over empowering their own race. Being unconscious of this race over empowerment, white individuals seems to continually do certain actions of a racist. The reason for this unawareness is brought about by the society. Schools have something to do with the sense of dominance and unawareness of white individuals and in return, they also play a big part in enlightening white Americans to shun such dominance and unawareness. Peggy Macintosh White Privilege indeed presented a clear and acceptable idea regarding equalities between races. It is good to know that some of the white Americans like the author presented the problem without a touch of biased to their own race America has the dream of meritocracy, but this dream seems to be not reflective on the societys actions. Just like issue of dominance between man and woman, the issues of racism or prejudice because of color continuously hunt America. Even until today, the whites opt to oppress the minority. I do hope that more white individuals would read and critically analyzed the ideas presented by Macintosh because her essay would let them realize that indeed, the society is still being biased regarding races. Citizens must keep their eyes and mind open to see these simple actions of racism. It is not enough that they know the definition of racism and they know the past history of such concept. What is more needed is their move to end this problem. Chan ging the system or policy is not the mere answer to overcome racism, individuals in the society must also take actions regarding this matter. Implementation of legislation without the collaborative support from the people would not lead to success. Work Cited Macintosh, Peggy. White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack.

Free Essays on Swallowing Stones

On the day of Michael's birthday, he never expects to kill a man. He gets a rifle for his 17th birthday and just to test it out he and he best friend Joe to into the woods to shoot it. The next day he is on his way to take his driving test and they announce on the radio that a man has been killed by a stray bullet. He does not know how to act and needless to say, he fails his driving test, but doesn't tell his parents. He and his best friend decide to make a pact and not tell anyone about the shot that Michael made that day. Jenna, the murdered man's daughter is upset very badly by all this and refuses to believe that her father won't be coming home from a business trip soon. Michael finds all this very hard to deal with and is very withdrawn from his girlfriend, Darcy. She is very curious as to what is wrong with Michael. Michael soon finds out that he and Amy Ruggererio are very good friends and he believes he can confide in her. Jenna is also having trouble with her boyfrie! nd and everytime she is around him she begins to have panic-attacks. Michael is a big track star and soon begins conditioning for the upcomming school year, every evening when he is running he ends up at Jenna's house. She soon noticed him sitting across the street on the steps of the church and wonders what he is doing. The police begin questioning people around Michael's neighborhood due to a tracking of where the bullet came from. After they question everyone about the guns they own, they want to know where the rifle is that Michael got for his birthday. He and Joe make up a story that Michael had loaned the gun to Joe and it was stolen from his car before there was a chance to try it out. The police didn't buy it, only they thought that Joe had done it, not Michael. In the meantime Michael and Darcy break up because she believes that he was cheating on her with Amy. Amy confesses to Michael that she saw them come out of the woods with the rifle that day. Joe... Free Essays on Swallowing Stones Free Essays on Swallowing Stones On the day of Michael's birthday, he never expects to kill a man. He gets a rifle for his 17th birthday and just to test it out he and he best friend Joe to into the woods to shoot it. The next day he is on his way to take his driving test and they announce on the radio that a man has been killed by a stray bullet. He does not know how to act and needless to say, he fails his driving test, but doesn't tell his parents. He and his best friend decide to make a pact and not tell anyone about the shot that Michael made that day. Jenna, the murdered man's daughter is upset very badly by all this and refuses to believe that her father won't be coming home from a business trip soon. Michael finds all this very hard to deal with and is very withdrawn from his girlfriend, Darcy. She is very curious as to what is wrong with Michael. Michael soon finds out that he and Amy Ruggererio are very good friends and he believes he can confide in her. Jenna is also having trouble with her boyfrie! nd and everytime she is around him she begins to have panic-attacks. Michael is a big track star and soon begins conditioning for the upcomming school year, every evening when he is running he ends up at Jenna's house. She soon noticed him sitting across the street on the steps of the church and wonders what he is doing. The police begin questioning people around Michael's neighborhood due to a tracking of where the bullet came from. After they question everyone about the guns they own, they want to know where the rifle is that Michael got for his birthday. He and Joe make up a story that Michael had loaned the gun to Joe and it was stolen from his car before there was a chance to try it out. The police didn't buy it, only they thought that Joe had done it, not Michael. In the meantime Michael and Darcy break up because she believes that he was cheating on her with Amy. Amy confesses to Michael that she saw them come out of the woods with the rifle that day. Joe...

Geographical Abbreviation

Geographical Abbreviation Geographical Abbreviation Geographical Abbreviation By Mark Nichol This post outlines the use of abbreviation to refer to geographical locations and other references to location. Note that in general, such references should be spelled out; abbreviation is usually reserved for when space is limited. Some publications still use traditional abbreviations for states, such as Calif. and N.Y., but the trend is toward using postal symbols such as CA for abbreviation when necessary, as in bibliographies, lists, tables, and mailing addresses. When the older abbreviations are used, inclusion of periods for initials (as in N.Y.) is advised for consistency, but overall, the abbreviation style is not recommended. (However, when US is used as an adjective, no periods are necessary; the abbreviation should not be used at all as a noun.) Whether a state or country name following a city name is abbreviated or spelled out, the state or country name should be punctuated before and after with commas: â€Å"San Diego, CA, is the second-largest city in the state.† In a reference to a street address, precede the state abbreviation with a comma, but do not insert a second comma between the abbreviation and the ZIP code: â€Å"123 Main Street, Anytown, CA 54321.† (By the way, ZIP is an acronym standing for â€Å"Zone Improvement Plan.†) When a compass point is designated in a street address, follow a single-letter abbreviation with a period (as in â€Å"E. Main Street†), but do not punctuate a two-letter abbreviation or separate the street name from an abbreviation that follows (as in â€Å"First Street NW†). Compass points described in isolation are generally spelled out (for example, northwest), but in technical contexts, they may be abbreviated as they are in addresses. For locations with words such as fort, mount, and saint in the name, consult a geographical dictionary or an official printed or online resource about the location to determine whether to spell out or abbreviate the word. However, the Spanish equivalents of saint, San and Santa, are never abbreviated. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"Loan, Lend, Loaned, LentWhat the Heck are "Peeps"?

Mullins' Doctrine of Sin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

Mullins' Doctrine of Sin - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that Edgar Young Mullins (1860-1928) has been described as one of the most important theologians and "statesmen" in Southern Baptist life., Although important Baptist leaders such as B. H. Carroll, Lee Scarborough, and George W. Truett were contemporaries of Mullins, R. Albert Mohler claimed that Mullins’s influence as a denominational leader and theologian was more widespread. He served as president of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in addition to his teaching systematic theology for almost thirty years. Fisher Humphreys identified three theological issues that Mullins faced during his career: the tradition of staunch Calvinism held by Mullins's predecessors at Southern Seminary, the Landmark Baptist interpretation of Baptist history, and the Fundamentalist-Modernist controversy. Mullins wrote numerous articles and books on a variety of subjects. In his first work, The Axioms of Religion, Mullins alluded to the doctrine o f original sin in his discussion concerning the inappropriateness of infant baptism. However, his argument against infant baptism did not consist of a denial of original sin or even an interpretation of it. He insisted that baptism required conscious obedience to Christ and denied the principle of vicarious faith. The only works in which Mullins stated his position on original sin were Baptist Beliefs and The Christian Religion in Its Doctrinal Expression. Because of the brevity of Baptist Beliefs, Mullins's description of the "fall of man" was only an outline of his position, In The Christian Religion in Its Doctrinal Expression, Mullins did not provide a systematic presentation of the doctrine of original sin. However, he discussed the important details of the doctrine of original sin in his discussion of providence, in the chapter on the doctrine of sin, and more thoroughly in his description of Paul's doctrine of sin, Components of Mullins's doctrine of original sin are distribu ted throughout this work. This paper will analyze how well Mullins substantiated his doctrine of original sin. Analysis of Mullins's Doctrine of Original Sin In order to analyze Mullins’s doctrine of original sin, this paper will provide a summary of Mullin’s overall argument. The summary will be followed by a critique of the premises upon which the overall argument is built. Summary of Mullins’s Argument Although Mullins did not explicitly define his doctrine of original sin, the components of the doctrine are found within his systematic theology in various places. However, the central claim of his argument is apparent. He contended that although persons inherit a tendency to sin from Adam, condemnation is incurred only through personal acts of rebellion against God. The overall flow of his argument is as follows: All persons are biologically connected to Adam. Thus, a tendency toward sinful behavior is transmitted through the hereditary connection. However, persons are not condemned because of their tendency toward sinful behavior because the death of Christ removed the condemnation accompanying the tendency to sin. Therefore, persons are condemned only on the basis of their personal rebellion against God. Three claims are central to Mullins's overall argument, his assertion that the tendency to sin is transmitted from Adam to his progeny, that persons can be condemned for their tendency to sin, and that Christ's death removed the condemnation resulting from this tendency. This paper will analyze how effectively Mullins substantiated these claims. The Source of the Tendency toward Sinful Behavior Mullins described Adam before the fall as free, moral, and inclined toward righteousness. However, after the fall, humanity is described as depraved, sinful, and inclined toward sin. The fact that Mullins asserted that a hereditary connection exists between Adam and his progeny and that this connection results in a transmission of sinful tendencies, necessitates an explanation of how

Entrepreneur Project I Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entrepreneur Project I - Research Paper Example blindness and deafness); they may also suffer from several mental disorders. In addition, some of the aged may not have people to effectively take care of them as some may be living alone, either because they were not married or did not have enough savings to buy or build a house after retirement. This necessitates the need for the creation of several programs, which will specifically target the aged and ensure that the quality of the life that they lead is not compromised by the fact that they are aged. Entrepreneurs and businesses should therefore look for ways to take advantage of the situation in order to get financial benefits. For instance, different products can be devised which will mainly target the aged in the community. One such product is the establishment of a paid up aged care; this facility will be able to provide the aged with the services necessary for the improvement of the quality of their lives. Moreover, the services provided will specifically target the old and will therefore incorporate different requirements that the aged need. Due to the fact that the business targets only a specific demographic sector, the business must effectively know how to deal with the uncertainties or future changes in the demographic fraction of the population. America currently has the highest number of the aged population in history. This aged population is expected to reach about 80 million as the baby boomers start reaching the retirement age (Cress 2007 p 211). In addition, this population needs specialized care and hence providing ready demand for the company’s services. Florida has a population of about 18 million; of this population, 17.2 percent are aged above 65 years. This is far much higher than the national average of 12.9 (US censors bureau 2009). However, even though the statistics of the aged appear to be large, only a small fraction of the population is fully capable of settling their

Federalists Essay Example for Free

Federalists Essay Linda Kerber described the predicaments of the Federalists, a political party whose members feared that popular democracy might spin out of control. Although they both fostered economic development, the Federalists were aware that an urban grassroots would result. The believers of the Federalist Party believed that Jefferson’s approach to politics was naive. The early stages of industrialization and urban growth were providing the ingredients of a working class; already existing was an unpredictable class of permanently poor who might well be available for mob action. The God or the religious beliefs of the Federalists often appeared to behave like a fourth branch of Government. They believed that religious obligation would reinforce moral obligation and would make popular government orderly and stable. On the other hand the Jeffersonian supporters felt they should break down the barrier of habitual morality (religion), with the interruption of education, habit and superstitions they were confident they would have a more positive vice. Drew R. McCoy spoke of â€Å"The Fears of the Jeffersonian Republicans†. Jefferson and his supporters predicted the challenges for the future of the United States. They were fearful of creating a dependent class; he envisioned huge tracts of land being farmed by righteous residents of the young republic. In keeping their independence from the British they encouraged production â€Å"within our families†, but for the finer manufactures, they would continue to rely on importations from abroad. New forms of employment needed to be created in order to keep the moral and political advantages of America up. The largest fears were of an uprising of the working class people and independent revolutions. Ben Franklin recognized that corruption could result from both natural and artificial causes. Jefferson was always faced with the reality of his plan failing constantly reminded by the thought of the decline of the Roman Empire. I found this Chapter to be the hardest to read, I researched other sources to understand and get through the politics of this chapter. I found the internet website www. answers. com/topic/republicans-jeffersonian to be most helpful. The reading and rational was made for the freshman U.  S. History student. I was able to acknowledge the fact that the Federalists Convention was the process of breaking free from the British Empire. By the mid-eighteenth century a large proportion of adult white males in the colonies possessed the suffrage while also enjoying the privileges of a free press and some freedom of religious worship The colonies in other words, had grown apart from the mother country, their inhabitants had begun to think of themselves as Americans, and, not surprisingly, they proved unreceptive to attempts to bring them to strengthen.

Pity the Bear in Judith Mintys story, Killing the Bear :: Minty Killing the Bear Essays

Pity the Bear in Judith Minty's story, Killing the Bear   Judith Minty's story, "Killing the Bear," is a rather chilling tale about a woman who shoots a bear to death. The story is not merely a simple account of the incident however. It is full of stories and facts about bears, which affect how the reader reacts to the story. In the beginning, the reader expects the bear to be portrayed as a cold-blooded monster who must be killed for the safety of the primary character however this expectation is foiled throughout the story and the reader sees the bear in a very different light. Due to the stories and facts given about bears throughout the story, the reader comes to pity the bear, but most will still acknowledge the necessity of killing him. The beginning of the story seems very quiet and peaceful. It sets up a scene many people would be familiar with. Even the story about the dog is one most people who have ever owned a house pet would instantly recognize. The woman does seem very vulnerable, however. She is outside in a hammock and the dog seems very little help since "she ended up more his protector than the other way around" (2). The second section sets up frightening images of animals, but they are all in the zoo, so they pose no threat. Yet, this still sustains the reader's original expectation of the bear being a threatening animal. Of all the zoo animals described, the bear seems the most harmless, yet she is still afraid of it. The reader has not been shown any danger yet, but there is still a sense of something about to happen. The only bear we have seen is a "bundle of clothes by [a] dead tree" (5) in a cage at the zoo. The third section of the story returns the reader to the calm security, but then quickly sends the tone of the story into a frenzy. These constant tone changes show the reader how strong and resourceful the woman is, but it also shows us how she can be thrown into a panic easily. We come to have little confidence in the main character's ability to react well if a dangerous situation arises. Throughout the story, "Killing the Bear," the reader is given a number of side notes about bears and the woman's experience with them.

Keywords on the Victorian Age

Sigmund Freud -? psychology->Human mind/motivation Religion: Empire: Technology: steam engines, trans Atlantic Telegraph line, big ships, railways, stamps, street lights. Mostly mobility and communication. City: Upper-class (etiquette) Middleman's (servants) lower class (survival) Nature: Art: Man: Matthew Arnold In Harmony with Nature: Stanza 1: â€Å"In harmony with Nature† Restless fool† -? The tone is set, he Is ridiculing the romantics, who see nature as something beautiful and good.The rest of stanza 1 the narrator is saying that it is impossible to be in harmony with nature. To imagine that we, humans can be â€Å"like nature strong, like nature cool†. Stanza 2: â€Å"Know, man hath all which Nature hath, but more. † – the human race has the same attributes as nature (cruelty and stubbornness) but humans are also able to feel pity and remorse, which Is both good and bad. â€Å"Man Is sick of blood† Stanza 3: â€Å"Nature is fickle, man hath need of rest;† Here is another contrast between nature and man. Man needs to be able to rest, but as long as nature is unpredictable, which It is and always will, man will not be able to rest. Nature forgives no debt, and fears no grave† Again the narrator points out that man and nature are incompatible. Man does, in most cases, fear the grave and man are able to forgive debts. That is what makes us human however it also makes us weak. A weakness, which isn't, in any way, present In nature. It links up very well with the next line that says, â€Å"Man would be mild, and with safe conscience blest† It's not that nature is evil; it just doesn't hold the attributes which makes humans human. Nature has no conscience and it's not mild, tauter does not forgive because it does not Judge, nature is cruel because it shows no mercy.The three last lines of stanza 3 sums up the message of the poem. â€Å"Man must begin, know this, where Nature ends; Nature and man can never be fast friends† – Nature has granted us with a frame for our lives it's our Job as humans to build up our homes and grow our fields in order to survive. Nature is a heartless foundation on which we must build our existence. â€Å"Fool, If thou cants pass her, rest her slave! † the final line of the poem says that If you arena strong enough to control ND use nature for your own good you will remain a slave to nature. OFF I en poem Is auto taking control over nature Ana not living along sloe It I en poem claims that it's not possible to live in harmony with nature because nature wont show you mercy if you're in need. You have to provide for yourselves. The poem is a tribute to the industrialists society where man has managed to enslave nature. This view on nature is very much the opposite of how the romantics felt about nature. In romantic literature nature was praised as the place where inspiration and life sprang from.

Characteristics of Anthroponyms Essay

Theses of the scientific paper â€Å"Semantic, social pragmatic and functional characteristics of anthroponyms (based on the novel John Updike â€Å"The Centaur†)†; Viktoriya Melnychuk; Khmelnyts’kyi regional MAN department; Shepetivka educational complex #1; form 11; Tarnavska Olena Myhaylivna, the candidate of philological sciences, associate professor of department of English philology of the Volynskiy national university named after Lesia Ukrainka. The purpose  of this paper  is to analyze anthroponyms, their semantic, social pragmatic and functional characteristics of  anthroponyms (based on the novel  John Updike  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Centaur†). The full communication, that is correct perception, evaluation and interpretation of information, is impossible without knowing the specific set of anthroponyms and their functions in language and text. The names of famous personalities, literature characters make up a significant part of knowledge, necessary for understanding and assessment of the culture different people. Therefore, our research is relevant. The subject of the research is semantic, social pragmatic and functional characteristics of  anthroponyms (based on the novel  John Updike  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Centaur†). Anthroponomastics  , a branch of  onomastics, is the study of  anthroponyms  , the names of  human beings. Anthroponyms often preserve lexical elements that have dropped out of the standard  lexicon  of a  language. The subdivisions of anthroponymy include: given names, surnames, clan names, matronyms, patronyms, teknonyms, nicknames, ethnonyms. Allusion is the main feature of the anthroponyms. Allusion is a brief reference to some to some literary or historical event commonly known. Allusion is a subtype of metaphor. Metaphor denotes expressing remaining on the basis of similarity of two objects: the real object of speech and the one whose name is actually used. But there is only affinity, no real connection between the two. Most of anthroponyms in the novel John Updike â€Å"The Centaur† are the individual, which expressed their own names, surnames, status names and perform the nominative function.

Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal Essays

Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal Essays Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal Essay Measuring Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management Strategies in Achieving Customer Loyal Essay Management strategies in achieving customer loyalty A Case Based Study of Nandos UK (Kings Cross Branch) Introduction:Businesses has grown on fast pace in last few decades. This rapid growth in business ha snot only increased the competition but also provided the customers to choose from the products . increased competition and market uncertainty has left organization to think the ways to retain and attract more and more customers. Wining the heats and minds of customers is now the ultimate goals of much organization to earn profitability. Kicaid, 2003) It is because organizations know a satisfied customer can refer many new customers to them with no cost of marketing. Customer relationship Management is concept of delivering best customer services in order to retain customers for long time in other words customer relationship management is name of customer satisfaction that makes customer to buy again and again from same organization. Customer relationship is built and maintained th rough relationship strategies utilizing latest IT concepts that help in delivering better customer services. Increased used of internet and computers has forced organization to invest in IT based applications to not only facilitate their customers but also to use IT application to help customers serve in better way. (Gummesson, 2002) â€Å"CRM is an IT the outcomes of which optimize profitability, revenue and customer satisfaction by organizing around customer segments, fostering customer-satisfying behaviours and implementing customer-centric processes†. (Peelan. 2003) Fig (1. 1) CRM Growth trends According to Gartner survey significant growth in spending on CRM in past few years CRM software related investments were $7. 8 billion in 2008 with 14. 4 % increase from previous year. This healthy trend is expected to reach $13. 3 billion by year 2012. The investors remained positive despite economic meltdown Problem Statement;- Achieving customer? s loyalty is long term thing and effects of implementing CRM strategy is not tangible. So it is complex task to effectively measure the Effectiveness of CRM strategy and customer loyalty. Complexity exist when evaluating intangible benefits like loyalty of customer, quality of service, enhancement of value, processes effectiveness, innovation of operation, improving the services Effectiveness of processes, innovation of operation, service improvement, competitiveness, trust, and efficiency etc (Peelan,2003) The most widely used and popular methods for investment evaluations are accounting and financial methods which only depends upon cash flow and counting the customer inflow . These are only suitable for limited type of evaluation of business performance. These accounting methods cannot be effectively used in evaluating investment which is expected to gain benefits in intangible and indirect form. (Righby Landigham, 2004) By evaluating effectiveness of crm strategy a business can be improved on the bases of results and necessary changes can be adopted . CRM implementation also enable customer services department to perform effectively according to their expectation. According to Customer Think Corporation, 68 % of customers leave their seller due to bad customer service experience. So the importance of CRM and its performance evaluation cannot be done/This Poor development Of Marketing Performance measurement is due to complexity in measuring and assessing results from implementing marketing strategies. Especially it is difficult to elaborate impacts on customers of specific strategy (Hanssens, 1999) Objectives:(1) To Critically evaluate theory of CRM strategies and its role in achieving customer loyalty (2) To Analyze current CRM strategies adopted by Nandos UK (3) Evaluation of effectiveness of CRM strategies adopted by Nandos UK (4) To Provide recommendation for effectively implementation of CRM effectiveness measurement Rational Business: The proposed research aims to analyse and assess the impact of CRM in the efficient functioning of the businesses, thus delivering exceptional customer services to its existing and potential customers. It is anticipated that the possible outcome of the proposed study will create a positive business environment by enhancing customer satisfaction and creating further customer service improvement activities and achieving customer loyalty. Academic: The area of the proposed research is CRM. It is an information technology industry term for methodologies and software. This term is used as methodology in IT and software technology, all customer relationship is dealt with the help of internet in an organised way by the enterprise. Using the proposed methodology or looking at it critically might be helpful for students doing research in the similar fields in the future. Literature review: This chapter consist of theories, ideas and concept of different authors, which will support the consider topic, because CRM is very important for the attraction of customer towards organisation. If CRM of the company is improve, then more customers will come as compare to the other competitors. By this way the relationship between organisation and customers maintain. We can say that CRM is the important factor of customer relationship. That CRM is the key to strategic competition needed to keep the focus on customer needs and for a face to face with the customers throughout the organization† (Lin and Su, 2003) Different authors define CRM with different way, in which some have similar concept but different words, as well as some have different concept, some of them are in the following: According to Wilson et, al. (2002 ) that CRM is a technical support and rational tool as well as a set of different skills, process, and different technologies, which help the organisation in making planning? for the all channels of attracting customers, and these all channels have very high influence on each other? s as well as high attraction with each others. On the other hand O? Mulley and Mitussis (2002) say that CRM is very beneficial and persuasive. On the other hand Olsen states that mostly companies show loyalty for the satisfaction of the customers as well as making different kind of strategies and improving company/organisation performance. All techniques and skills are used for the satisfaction of organisation, because customers are the basics units of business. The skills, rules and regulations are according to the choice as well as need and want of customers. According to the Lin and Sue (2003) that component if CRM is exceptionally vital for the understanding of relationship of the customer? s questions, complains as well as practice of the business. The factors of the CRM is basically related to the activity of organisation and customers contacts, the contacts may be customers complains or feedback. On the other hand technologies play very important rule in the CRM, because technology used in the system as a facility in CRM for customer satisfaction. The development of CRM is not new for the organisation, but they are developing system from the beginning According to Payne (2006) the CRM of old age was engage same like the modern, but the difference was only technology. But the difference is that the modern strategy is according to the modern customers marketing strategy, because to make easy the approach of customers to the organisation. Wilson et, al. (2002)â€Å"The assumptions of customers in CRM, is not different from the transactions between company and customers† this basically means that customers have direct relationship with customers, which require the organisation. The trust of customers essential for the success of organisation, therefore they need clear vision about the organisation policies, and offers etc, so for this purpose organisation need to well define about every product as well as develop ethical qualities must be highlighted. The idea of wine shows that CRM is very close to the characterization of CRM (business strategy) which states â€Å"The customer service needs to receive the status of high priority in the organisational environment†. CRM is significant from the usiness point of view, because it will make people mind clear for the business; in simple it will give simple and clear vision to customers about the services, products, and customers strategy. By this way company will keep long term relationship with customers. In term of business strategy CRM we can say that it is section of the market and competitive advantages by increasing the trust and satisfaction of the customers or client is hard to evaluate. It is a co mplex strategy, because of the different behaviours of he people (Roger, 2003). According to O? Malley and Mitussus (2003) in fact the customers are relatively new to the marketing agent that controlling in mass market which directed to strategic considerations relationship. This is essential for the every organisation to understand the strategy of the CRM. According to Winter (2001) that every business strategy must be in relation to what customers tastes. Bellow given three metrics are important for observation of CRM in relation to marketing strategy (Li and Croteau 2003). 1) Customers retention (2) Customer satisfaction (3) Customer profitability These play key role in the CRM, but the adaptation of these are possible only by the help of higher management presented as essential for execution with success of Customer relationship management. If, not take serious in organisation then this will affect the whole organisation, which cause the resistance of customers. According to Cro teau and Li, (2003) that knowledge management also affect the impact of CRM. According to the (McKenna, 1993) stated that a strong CRM strategy should be effectively plan which keep accountability of needs and opinion of the customers, keeping in mind the time and the length of their relationship with oragnization (Ahn, 2003) satisfying customers needs are the key purpose of developing the CRM strategy. The technological system of CRM is very important in collecting information from the customers about the organisation (oragnization) and same is conveying of information to the customers about the sale, new products and movement of the market. (Reicheld, 1993). Oragnization also improve strategy with help of customers complains and feedback. On the basis of customers information oragnization improve the relations with customers (Reicheld 1993). Methodology: This section explains the research ideology, concept and method applied, integrated with a data overview, essential for deriving the final conclusions of the research study. Research Philosophy: There are two principal philosophies in the research process that are dealt with. Either the optimistic approach based on the concept of objectivity and scientific method, where approximation can be generalized and truly emulate the real phenomena. Saunders et al. (2000)stated that, the researcher presume the task of an objective, independent examine and will be supported by methodology which will allow imitation and generalisation of the data. Or In contrast, phenomenologist philosophy argues that the difficulty of phenomenon, which can be applied to the social and the business world, cannot be concentrated to generalisations. Indeed, ideas and situations influenced by individuals and other factors are all unique, and as such need to be analysed for gaining the clearer picture behind them. Thus, as discussed by Wilson (1999), this view can be said to be the basis of interpretative research, where social reality is explored in its natural settings. The two philosophies are not fundamentally mutually exclusive In spite of being peculiar and seen as to be adapted for individual channels of research. The rank taken in research is dependent on the nature of the question to be explored. In order to reflect the most persistent and compelling reality, a distinct study on the flexibility is needed. Besides, as Saunders et al. 2000) argue, management-related research can be in practice a mixture of both philosophies. In this research, phenomenological philosophy will be adopted as it aims to answer research questions that are highlight in a social atmosphere, based on opinions, views and the assessment of industry experts and customers. Research Approach: There are three types of research strategy Inductive v/s deductive, qualitative v/s quantities and cross sectional v/s longit udinal. Mixed approach will be adopted in the research. The Qualitative research tools containing unstructured interview questioners which is design for collecting data material and research to meet the objective in finding answer for research questions. The Quantitative research tool contain of self designed questionnaires that be sanded through using the email or by post to prospective respondent. Research Strategy: The strategy is sensible base that contracts the way of answers the research questions of the study and present it like a plan which include objectives as well as data sources and takes into accounts the limitation that may occur in growth of the research study. So according to my result I will use mixture of research techniques to attain my required objective, for secondary and primary research so I m using the mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques. Data collection method: A choice of methods of research will be adopted in proposed study. Executive form Nandos UK would be personally contacted and through the internet to request for the related information via emails. Questionnaires would be sent to the managers of different branches and be requested to fill in, which would certainly help in study. My study will be a combination of questionnaire, interviews, direct observation, physical artefact and discussions. Because it is entail for the development of a conceptual and theoretical structure prior to apply any research instrument. Though data collecting qualitatively do not help in a huge way for theory building but it is helpful in concept of the theory with more confidence. As a result it is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative approach. In my study, I will try to use theory as a basis and channel. Each tool, method or technique has its own strengths and weaknesses. As a result it can be said that research methods and strategies are not isolated from each other. So, I can use mixture of research techniques. To achieve my desired objectives I will be using a mix of qualitative and quantitative technique, which involves both secondary and primary research. Data source: keeping research Objective in mind secondary data will be collect throughout internet, journals and publication etc. I will try to collecting secondary data from all resources of non human. I will be using online database, journals and attain books. Sample selection and Sample size: Considering random sampling which consists on the selection of samples to generalise the findings, over a broader population. 15-20 samples will be used in the proposed research this will help to develops in claims and give technique to improve theories to clarify the population characteristics. In view of both type of purposive sampling focused. Qualitative sampling is considered as best method to apply in current research strategy. This strategy allow to me to choose the persons and data obtainable to meet the objectives. Sample method: According to my research study I will be implement the method of purposive sampling. For my research the non-probability sampling is chosen because it is based on achievement and awareness of certain situation. Sampling follows the qualitative research approach since it merge with objective of responding to study query and don? t Conway the outcomes into statistical generality. It was also helpful in quick manner to achieve a precise target sample. Data analysis: In context of proposed study, data analysis is important because the information collected is both quantitative and qualitative. The data collected will be statistically analysed using manual methods, easy tabulation and statistic like indicator of average or frequency count in the form of table and figure will be presented. Ethical Issues: In ethical issue involve conduct surveys the research activity is vital importance to judge the ethical implication. The reason of importance that proficient societies have urbanized code of ethics to cover-up range of proficient issues surrounding research activities in this situation of proposed study i will be need to ethical approval from Nandos UK. Formal permission will be required prior to arrange data collection and all necessary caution will be taken to make sure respect for participant because independent agent. To avoid plagiarism, I will be very careful while using any other person? s idea opinion or different peoples written or spoken words. Any drawings, graphs, statistics, facts or any pieces of information which is not ordinary information, if I want to use other work I will give credit to that person by quoting his name and giving proper reference to it. Credibility and Validity: The credibility of results arises in a particular manner being a qualitative research. Questioned by scientific research, the process of gathering and analysing the data, as well as the kind of information, needs to reflect consistency and accuracy. To support this research study, the previously discussed methods and approach were considered essential to achieve the research findings. Reliability: In terms of reliability, the author of this study affirms that the results would relatively be the same if administered on different occasions by other researchers as long as the sampling is taken from the same area. In this sense if the study were to take place with an emphasis on Nandos UK? customers. Generalizability: As this study is generalizable to all other organization working in similar sector. However, some limitation to the proposed study is that the study will be carried out only in the Nandos specifically Kings cross branch. Therefore the findings can be applied universally if consider. Data Access: To study the phenomenon of research question and to answer them a mixture of two types of information was required which is primary and secondary. In this way the primary data consist of the statistics of survey-questionnaires implemented on economy class traveller. This strategy was selected to optimize the sampling group information, which helps to form opinions about the organization regarding quality performance including the reviews from the customers about the quality of service and their effectiveness in Customer Relationship Management. Issues such as contentment and devotedness will be needed to evaluate the previous information. The survey questionnaire model will help researchers to maintain a list of concern issues and standardised questions for the sampling group, in order to make comparison and achieve consistent findings. Ultimately the survey questionnaire will be determined on collecting qualitative data on this customer group? s attitude and behaviours. (Sunders et, al. 2000) argues that the tools are used in descriptive studies as this proposed study. The main purpose of this dissertation is to identify the research questions and solutions to the questions. The survey questionnaire mock-up allowed the researcher to have an arranged list of issues and areas to cover as standardised questions for the sample group, in order to compare all the samples and achieve consistent findings. Mainly this survey questionnaire will be focused on collection of qualitative data on this customer group? s attitude and behaviours. Quantitatively, these meanings and findings will be measured so as to reach a consistent consensus of the data and prove the point taken as the research problem of the dissertation. Whereas, the secondary data comprises mainly narrative information. This encompasses the literature research carried on CRM, and its functions to achieve consumer loyalty; it also accompanies magazines, journals, newspapers relevant research studies. Timetable and special resources required In order to accomplish the proposed project in the given time available the following time table is prepared as a critical path depicting each stage of the study in relation to the time frame in weeks Tasks Week One Week Tow Week Three Week Four Week Fifth Week Sixth Week Seventh Week Eight Week Nine Week Ten Week Eleven Twelve Problem classification Literature Review Research Methodology Data compilation Data examination Writing up draft Editing closing Documentation Binding of document Budget: As discussed above in methodology about collection of data and interviewing individuals, will cost a bit of money which is listed below.

An Essay About Orbits Communications Essay

An Essay About Orbits Communications Essay The word orbit we hear it very often, whenever the space shuttle launched or it meets up ISS (International Space Station) or when a rocket launches a payload, we always come across the word ‘orbit’. But what actually the orbit is? An orbit is a specific path on which an artificial satellite revolves/travels around another body or planet .This path is regular and repeating .Satellite can be natural and artificial, like Moon .Moon itself acts like a satellite which travels around the Earth in a particular path. In the solar system , nine planets including Earth ,revolves around the sun in an orbit .Satellite that travels around the Earth are not in a constant distance from Earth, it varies .Sometimes its closer and sometimes far away. The closest orbit of satellite around the Earth is called â€Å"perigee† and farthest orbit called â€Å"apogee†. The time required for a satellite to complete full orbit is called a â€Å"period†. According to Isaac Newton’s first law of motion, a moving object will remain in motion unless something pulls it or push it, and that is gravity. Without Earth’s gravity, satellite would go off in the space along a straight path .With Earth’s gravity it keep on pulled satellite back to Earth. To maintain the orbit, the gravitational force and the momentum of moving object have to be balanced. Another factor is Escape velocity. It is the speed of an object (satellite) to break free from the gravity of the planet and enters into a certain orbit. It depends on the mass of the planet and varies from planets to planets and the distance from the centre of the planet to the object (satellite) is also important. The escape velocity of Earth is approx. 11.3 km (7 miles)/hr. Orbital Velocity: Orbital velocity is the required speed needed for an object (satellite) to stay in an orbit. It is about and altitude of 242 km, approx 17,000 miles /hr. [4] SATELLITE ORBITS There are three differ ent types of orbits High Earth orbit (Geostationary orbit), Medium Earth orbit (MEO), and Low Earth orbit (LEO).The orbit selected for satellite is depend on its usage and application. Direct Broadcast Programmes and weather communication satellites use Geostationary Orbit, as they are far away from the Earth and they travel in the Earth’s direction therefore looks stationary .Satellite navigation systems (NAVSTAR or GPS [global positioning system] ),designed to navigate a particular region or area and satellite phones are in MEO(Medium Earth Orbit). NASA’s Earth Observing System and other scientific satellites uses LEO (Lower Earth Orbit). [5] [6] Earth orbits. [7] ORBITAL DISTANCES [8] , [9] Orbits Orbit Initials Miles Km 1-way Delay Orbit altitude (KM above earth’s surface) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) 100-500 160 – 1,400 50ms 200 – 1200 Medium Earth Orbi t (MEO) 6,000 – 12,000 10-15,000 100ms 1200 – 35790 Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) ~22,300 36,000 250 ms 35790 Circular and Elliptical Paths There are two types of orbit paths, in which satellite travels around the Earth, circular and elliptical. In circular orbits, the distance between the earth and satellite remains same all the time. When a satellite orbit around the Earth, it creates a plane, which goes across the geo -centre or centre of gravity of Earth. If the satellite orbit with Earth’s rotation, it is called â€Å"posigrade† and if it is in opposite direction, it is â€Å"retrograde†.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

English - Essay Example The new iPad is truly worth its price because it serves the owner in a lot of ways and with high quality of standards. There are many gadgets and equipments which have made life easier and entertaining for us and iPad is one of them. In day to day life we have some moments which are boring and time consuming like waiting for something or traveling and it becomes difficult to pass time. Now an iPad can be used to pass time conveniently by reading a favorite book on it or by playing a game or watching a movie on it. Time is very precious for everybody in this fast world and iPad provides an opportunity to utilize the time properly. Hence an iPad justifies its price by serving us in many useful ways. Among many devices which have made our life easier, comfortable and entertaining, iPad is one which helps us to utilize our time conveniently which is normally wasted or boring. The time we spent on waiting or traveling can be made entertaining by using an iPad. We can use an iPad for playing games or watching movies or reading a book of choice while we are riding a bus or a train or an airplane or waiting for somebody or something. Nobody, whether young or old, wishes to waste time uselessly and iPad has given us the best option to utilize the time which was normally wasted. An iPad is worth investing in because it serves its purpose in many ways by entertaining people. A few years back, it was very boring and difficult to pass time while waiting or traveling. We didn’t have any option to do anything except for reading newspapers or magazines which were seldom available. Now we have many devices that can be used to pass time conveniently by entertaining ourselves. iPad has made it possible and the time can be passed by reading a book or watching a movie or playing a game on an iPad. Now passing the time in waiting or traveling is no longer a problem and an iPad is well worth its price. The